Bleeding gums are usually due to oral health problems, but there may be other causes as well. If bleeding is a problem, it is a good idea to visit a dentist first to rule out problems with the teeth or gums.
Gingivitis refers to the inflammation of the gums. This occurs when there is a buildup of plaque. Brushing and flossing the teeth helps remove plaque, but if they are not done properly, this stickiness can linger along the gum line. Over time, this turns into tartar, which increases the chances of bleeding. Along with bleeding gums, additional signs of gingivitis include swollen gums and soreness around the gums.
If gingivitis is not treated, it can advance to periodontitis. This advanced disease can lead to infection of the gums, supportive tissues, and jawbone. This can result in loose teeth that eventually fall out.
Some people who experience frequent gum bleeding are deficient in certain vitamins. The most common deficiencies that cause bleeding are vitamin C and vitamin K.
People who wear dentures may notice more bleeding, especially if they are fitted too tightly. Other oral appliances may also be the culprit.
Changes in certain hormones can cause the gums to be more sensitive, which results in more bleeding. Pregnant women in particular are more prone to bleeding gums.
If the cause of bleeding gums is gingivitis due to poor dental hygiene, professional teeth cleanings can help reduce the amount of plaque. The dentist may recommend more frequent visits to get the issue under control. The dentist can also give the patient specific instructions regarding home care to do in between professional cleanings.
If gingivitis has advanced to periodontitis, the dentist may perform more invasive procedures, which may include scaling, root planing, or surgery. If bleeding occurs due to an ill-fitting dental appliance, the dentist can make adjustments for a better fit.
For vitamin deficiencies, the patient should take supplements or eat more foods that contain vitamins C or K. For other non-dental issues, the dentist can refer the patient to a medical professional for proper treatment.
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Frequent bleeding gums are not normal and typically indicate an underlying problem. Poor oral hygiene is a common cause, in which case bleeding can be minimized with more frequent and detailed brushing, regular flossing, and professional cleanings.
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